***Distressing content warning***

At the time of the hearing Fred Rawiri was 60 years old and is of Māori descent. Prior to his admission to the Lake Alice Child and Adolescent Unit, he was sent to Hamilton Boys’ Home and Hokio Beach School. Due to loneliness, he was given a psychiatric assessment and subsequently sent to Lake Alice. Here, he received electroconvulsive therapy to the head and genitals, and he received paraldehyde as punishment for misbehaving. Mr Rawiri gave evidence on his life after Lake Alice, including redress, coping with stigma and how his emotional trauma impacts his everyday life.