At the time of the hearing Ms Rangi was 58 years old and is a Māori (Ngāpuhi, Te Arawa) woman. She was removed from her family in Kaitaia and taken to Bollard Girls’ Home in Auckland aged 14 after an altercation at school. She was subjected to an internal vaginal examination on arrival at Bollard. She gave evidence of suffering humiliation in the form of having to strip, neglect/psychological abuse in the form of being denied showers, food, water and sanitary products.