44. Part 5 of the Inquiry’s final report, Whanaketia – Through pain and trauma, from darkness to light, sets out the significant, pervasive and lifelong impacts that abuse and neglect in State and faith-based care had on survivors’ physical and mental health, emotional wellbeing and spirituality, identity and cultural identity, education and employment opportunities.

45. Deaf survivors including tāngata Turi Māori were separated from their whānau, denied access to Deaf culture, had their education neglected and were denied the right to communicate in a manner of their choosing. Separation from siblings and parents at a young age and the resulting lack of attachment created issues such as separation anxiety, loss of cultural connection and mental distress for Deaf survivors.

46. Barriers to learning due to being taught by oral methods and Total Communication resulted in limited academic achievement. A lack of qualifications, discrimination and language barriers meant that Deaf survivors including tāngata Turi Māori faced barriers to employment. Tāngata Turi Māori experienced a lack of access not only to Deaf culture but to their Māori culture and identity. This diminished their mana and was also a transgression against their whakapapa.

47. Chapter 4 of the Inquiry's Van Asch College and Kelston School for the Deaf case study, Our Hands Were Tied, provides more detailed information on the impacts of abuse and neglect of Deaf children and young people placed there, including:

• ongoing psychological and mental distress due to separation from family and whānau
• limited educational achievement
• barriers to employment
• disconnection from te ao Māori
• State denial of tino rangatiratanga
• pathway to gangs and the criminal justice system.

48. Part 5 of the Inquiry’s final report, Whanaketia – Through pain and trauma, from darkness to light, includes more detailed information on the impacts of abuse and neglect of Deaf children, young people and adults in care. It reflects what is set out in Chapter 4 of the Inquiry's Van Asch College and Kelston School for the Deaf case study, Our Hands Were Tied. Additional detail in Part 5 of the Whanaketia includes:

• Chapter 2 explains the impacts on interpersonal relationships, physical health, mental health and emotional wellbeing, and life pathways of Deaf survivors including tāngata Turi Māori
• Chapter 3 describes the particular impacts of abuse and neglect on Deaf survivors including tāngata Turi Māori
• Chapter 4 explains how the negative impacts of abuse and neglect in care have contributed to further adverse outcomes for many Deaf survivors including tāngata Turi Māori and the Deaf community as a whole.